What are the commonly used electronic components in PCBA processing?
Release time：2025-11-01
Click count： 901
PCBA processing cannot be separated from various components, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, crystal diodes, crystal transistors, etc., which are the basic components that make up electronic circuits. The performance and quality of electronic components have a significant impact on the quality of PCBA products. What are the common PCBA electronic components? resistorResistors are one of the most commonly used electronic components in PCBA, used to limit the current in the circuit. According to different materials, structures, and resistance values, resistors can be divided into fixed resistors, variable resistors, and special resistors. Resistors are widely used in various circuits, such as power circuits, amplification circuits, signal processing circuits, etc., to achieve current regulation and control.A potentiometer is a resistor whose resistance value can change, that is, a resistor that can be continuously adjusted within a specified range, and is called a potentiometer. A potentiometer consists of a housing, sliding end, rotating shaft, annular resistor body, and three lead out terminals. capacitorCapacitors are components that store charge and electrical energy, with the characteristic of blocking direct current and passing alternating current. In PCBA, capacitors are commonly used in circuits such as filtering, coupling, tuning, and bypassing to improve circuit performance and stability. According to their different structures and applications, capacitors can be divided into fixed capacitors, variable capacitors, and fine tuned capacitors.Inductive coils, abbreviated as inductors, have the function of storing magnetic energy. Inductors are represented by the letter symbol L. Inductive coils are usually composed of a skeleton, winding, shielding cover, magnetic core, etc. A transformer is composed of an iron core (or magnetic core) and a coil, which has two or more windings. The winding connected to the power supply is called the primary coil, and the other windings are called the secondary coils. A transformer is a device that converts voltage, current, and impedance. When an alternating current is passed through the primary coil, an alternating magnetic flux is generated in the iron core (or magnetic core), inducing voltage (or current) in the secondary coil. Transformers are mainly used for AC voltage conversion, current conversion, power transfer, impedance conversion, and buffer isolation, and are one of the essential components in PCBA machines. Crystal diode (also known as semiconductor diode, hereinafter referred to as diode) is made of a PN junction, electrode leads, and an external sealed tube shell, and it has unidirectional conductivity. Crystal transistor (hereinafter referred to as transistor) is a core device for signal amplification and processing, widely used in PCBA machines. Field effect transistor (FET) is also a semiconductor device with a PN junction. Unlike a transistor, it does not utilize the conductive properties of the PN junction, but rather its insulating properties. Silicon controlled rectifier, abbreviated as thyristor, is a high-power semiconductor device with a four layer structure consisting of three PN junctions, also known as a thyristor. It is one of the commonly used semiconductor devices due to its small size, relatively simple structure, and strong functionality. Integrated Circuit (IC) is a type of circuit that utilizes semiconductor or thick/thin film processes (or a combination of these processes) to fabricate active components (transistors, field-effect transistors, etc.) and passive components (resistors, capacitors, etc.) and their connections on a semiconductor or insulating substrate, forming a circuit with specific functions and encapsulating it in a casing. Compared with discrete component circuits, integrated circuits have the advantages of small size, light weight, low power consumption, low cost, high reliability, and stable performance, and are widely used in PCBA electronic products. The device used in circuits to convert electrical signals into sound signals is called an electroacoustic device. It has a wide variety of types, including speakers, microphones, headphones (or earplugs), transmitters, receivers, etc. Switches, relays, and various plug-in switches are used in electronic devices to cut off, connect, or convert circuits. A relay is an automatic control device that undergoes a jumping change in output when the input quantity (electric, magnetic, acoustic, optical, thermal) reaches a certain value. Surface mount components (SMC and SMD), also known as surface mount components or chip components, include resistors, capacitors, inductors, and semiconductor devices. They have the characteristics of small size, light weight, no or short leads, high installation density, high reliability, good anti vibration performance, and easy automation. Optoelectronic devices that utilize semiconductor properties, photovoltaic cells that utilize semiconductor photovoltaic effects, and semiconductor light-emitting devices are collectively referred to as optoelectronic devices. Display devices refer to optoelectronic conversion devices that convert electrical signals into optical signals, i.e. devices used to display numbers, symbols, text, or images. It is a key component of electronic display devices and has a significant impact on the performance of display devices.
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